Ths decision relied on the Karadzic case cited above, among others, in finding the Defendant liable under the US ‘Alient Tort Claims Act’ and ‘Torture Victim Protection Act’ for torture and  cruel and degrading treatment in the context of unlawful confinement. Although the Defendant failed to appear at his Trial on 22 Oct 2001 the Court held him in default and went ahead to conduct the Trial, before judges only, on the merits of the case. Each of the four claimants was awarded 10,000,000US$ in compensation and 25,000,000 US$ in punitive damages.